A research carried out in the research station for several years on the reproduction of Burundese sheep and goats showed that these two species reached an interesting productivity estimated at, respectively, 25 and 33 kg of live weight/year for females. The figures in rural environment are lower, ranging between 9 and 27 kg. The wide heterogeneity of the individual performances suggests the possibility to consider a breeding programme based on selection milk production and growth rate in the two species in addition to prolificity in sheep.